Neuroblastoma - Cancer of the muscles

Cancer of the muscles
Also known as rhabdomyosarcoma

Cancers of genito-urinary system

Cancer of the uterine cervix
Cancer of the uterus
Cancer of the ovary
Chloriocarcinoma
Cancer of the testes
Cancer of the prostate
Cancer of the penis
Cancer of the urinary bladder
Cancer of the kidney
- Hyperneproma
- Wilm’s tumor

Cancer of the lung

Cancer of the breast
The genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are linked to breast and ovarian cancer, whereas the MLH1 gene on human chromosome 3 is associated with colon cancer and MMAC1 gene mutates to generate a protein responsible for brain and prostate cancer

Cancer of thyroid

Cancers of gastro-intestinal tract


Cancer of the mouth
Cancer of the oesophagus
Cancer of the stomach
Cancer of the colon and rectum
Cancer of the liver
Cancer of the gall-bladder
Cancer of the pancreas

Cancer of the brain

Glioma
medullobastoma

Mix of cancers

The cases become extremely complex when one type of cancer pretends to be another or when a mix of cancers accidentally is identified as cancer of only one type
Some particular subtypes of acute leukemia have been found to be associated with specific chromosomal translocation
The samples for testing cancer or leukemia comprises of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples and thereafter RNA prepared from bone marrow or blood cells would be hybridized

ALL/AML

AML affects various white blood cells including granulocytes, monocytes and platelets
Leukemic cells accumulate in the bone marrow, replace normal blood cells and spread to the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, central nervous system, kidneys and gonads
ALL is a cancer of immature lymphocytes, called lymphoblasts (sometimes called as blast cells). Normally, white blood cells repair and reproduce themselves in an orderly and controlled manner but in leukemia the process gets out of control and the cells continue to divide, but do not mature
ALL is further divided into two subcategories viz., T-lineage ALL and B-lineage ALL

Leukemias and lymphomas

Leukemias
Acute leukemia
Chronic leukemia
Lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Types of cancers known

lung
breast
thyroid
nerve system
muscles
genito-urinary system
leukemia
lymphoma
skin
brain
bone
gastrointestinal tract

Detailed Look into Cancers - Broad groups of cancers

Carcinoma – any cancer that arises in epithelium, tissue that lines the skin and internal organs of the body
Sarcoma – any cancer of connective tissue. These tumors may occur in any part of the body, as they arise in the tissues that make up an organ rather than being restricted to a particular organ. They can arise in fibrous tissue, muscle, fat, bone, cartilage, blood and lymphatic vessel, etc.
Leukemia – it is a cancer of the blood in which the bone marrow and other blood forming organs over-produce immature or abnormal white cells
Lymphoma – any malignant tumor of lymph nodes or lymph gland